Apa itu anemia atau kurang darah?
-Terjadi apabila badan tidak mempunyai cukup sel darah merah yang sihat dan banyak untuk menghantar oksigen ke seluruh tubuh. Sel darah mungkin kekurangan hemoglobin.
*Hemoglobin=protein yang kaya dengan zat besi untuk membekalkan oksigen.
Simptoms anemia:
-Lemah dan lesu.
-Pening dan sering berasa seperti hendak tumbang.
-Pucat.
-Degupan jantung yang pantas
-Pembengkakan lymp nodes
-Pembengkakan hati (liver)
*Sekiranya anda sering berasa penat walaupun telah mendapat tidur secukupnya, ataupun kekurangan tenaga untuk melakukan aktiviti harian, berkemungkinan anda menghidap anemia.
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Baca lanjut tentang gejala kekurangan daram dalam artikel yang diambil dari Website HEALTHLINE.What Is Anemia?
Anemia occurs when the number of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) in the body is too low. Red cells carry oxygen to all the body’s tissues, so a low red blood cell count indicates that the amount of oxygen in the blood is lower than it should be. Many of the symptoms of anemia are caused by decreased oxygen delivery to tissues and organs.
*anemia berlaku akibat kekurangan sel darah merah yang bertanggungjawab membawa oksigen ke seluruh tisu2 tubuh. Maka penghantaran oksigen menjadi kurang.*
Anemia is measured according to the amount of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen, in RBCs. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines anemia as less than 13 grams of hemoglobin per deciliter for men, and less than 12 grams of hemoglobin per deciliter for women. Approximately three million Americans suffer from anemia. Women and people with chronic diseases are at highest risk of anemia.
What Causes Anemia?
Dietary iron, B12, and folate are essential for RBCs to mature in the body. Normally, red cells are replaced at a daily rate of .8 to one percent and the average lifespan for red cells is 100 to 120 days. In general, any process that has a negative effect on this balance between RBC production and destruction can cause anemia. Causes of anemia are generally divided into two categories: those that decrease RBC production and those that increase RBC destruction.
Some factors that decrease red cell production are:
- inadequate stimulation of red cell production by the hormone erythropoietin (secreted by the kidneys)
- inadequate dietary intake of iron, B12, and folate
- hypothyroidism
Iron Deficiency Is the Most Common Cause of Anemia
Iron intake is a major index for the health assessment of nations. According to the WHO, an estimated 2.15 billion individuals worldwide have iron deficiency anemia.
Daily Nutritional Requirements and Anemia
Daily requirements for vitamins and iron vary according to sex and age. Women need more iron and folic acid than men because of iron losses during their menstrual cycle and fetal development during pregnancy and lactation.
Iron
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that the daily iron intake for women aged 18 to 50 is 18 mg. The daily iron intake for men of the same age range is 8 mg. During pregnancy, daily iron intake should increase to 27 mg, but women who are breast-feeding need only nine mg per day. Men and women over the age of 50 require nine mg of iron daily, according to the Office of Dietary Supplements. A supplement may be needed if adequate iron levels cannot be reached through diet alone. Good sources of dietary iron include chicken and beef liver, oysters, dark turkey meat, beef, fortified cereals, oatmeal, lentils, beans, and spinach.
Daily requirements for vitamins and iron vary according to sex and age. Women need more iron and folic acid than men because of iron losses during their menstrual cycle and fetal development during pregnancy and lactation.
Iron
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) states that the daily iron intake for women aged 18 to 50 is 18 mg. The daily iron intake for men of the same age range is 8 mg. During pregnancy, daily iron intake should increase to 27 mg, but women who are breast-feeding need only nine mg per day. Men and women over the age of 50 require nine mg of iron daily, according to the Office of Dietary Supplements. A supplement may be needed if adequate iron levels cannot be reached through diet alone. Good sources of dietary iron include chicken and beef liver, oysters, dark turkey meat, beef, fortified cereals, oatmeal, lentils, beans, and spinach.
Folate/Folic Acid
Folate is the form of folic acid that occurs naturally in the body. Males and females over the age of 14 require 400 ?g of folic acid a day. For women who are pregnant or breast-feeding, the demand for folic acid increases to 500 mg/day. Examples of foods rich in folic acid are fortified cereals, beef liver, lentils, spinach, great northern beans, and asparagus.
Folate is the form of folic acid that occurs naturally in the body. Males and females over the age of 14 require 400 ?g of folic acid a day. For women who are pregnant or breast-feeding, the demand for folic acid increases to 500 mg/day. Examples of foods rich in folic acid are fortified cereals, beef liver, lentils, spinach, great northern beans, and asparagus.
B12
Daily adult requirement for vitamin B12 is 2.4 mcg. Pregnant women and teens need 2.6 mcg per day, and women who are breast-feeding require 2.8 mcg daily (Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, 2011). Beef liver and clams are two of the best sources of B12. Other good sources include fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and other dairy products. B12 is also available as a vitamin supplement for those who don’t get enough from diet alone.
Daily adult requirement for vitamin B12 is 2.4 mcg. Pregnant women and teens need 2.6 mcg per day, and women who are breast-feeding require 2.8 mcg daily (Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH, 2011). Beef liver and clams are two of the best sources of B12. Other good sources include fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and other dairy products. B12 is also available as a vitamin supplement for those who don’t get enough from diet alone.
Factors That Increase RBC Destruction
Any disorder that destroys RBCs at a rate that is faster than they are made can cause anemia. Examples of disorders that cause anemia due to increased destruction of red cells are:
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Any disorder that destroys RBCs at a rate that is faster than they are made can cause anemia. Examples of disorders that cause anemia due to increased destruction of red cells are:
- hemorrhage from accidents, gastrointestinal lesions, menstruation, childbirth, excessive uterine bleeding, or surgery
- cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
- fibrosis (scar tissue) within the bone marrow
- hemolysis (rupture) of red cells (can occur with some medications or Rh incompatibility)
- disorders of the liver and spleen
- genetic disorders such as G-6-PD deficiency, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia
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anda mengatasi masalah anemia.
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**Amat dialu-alukan orang Sarawak, khususnya di kawasan Kuching dan Kota Samarahan (area UNIMAS, UITM, DESA ILMU dan sekitarnya). Untuk kedua-dua kawasan tersebut, inshaa Allah boleh deliver by hand. Untuk kawasan lain, penghantaran menggunakan pos.**
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